Enabling Technology in Cell-Based Therapies: Scale-Up, Scale-Out, or Program In-Place

Those of us working in clinical and medical technology and automation are most enthusiastic about our work when the instruments and techniques we are developing will directly affect patient well-being. The recent arrival of FDA-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies1,2 and the further expansion of T-cell and other cell-based therapies beyond oncology applications have reinvigorated discussions around the ways in which we harvest, culture, process, or directly alter therapeutic cells.