Roles of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) on the strength, cost analysis and CO2 emission of lightweight concrete: Comparison with aluminum-based aerated concrete

in agro-waste ash so as to facilitate and enhance the pozzolanic reaction during the curing phase. The fossil-based SAPs could then be replaced with the organic-based ones, which would be a more sustainable construction material for a lower-carbon society. However, further investigations into other aspects of these materials should be conducted.