Prevalence and features of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders using the large real-world TriNetX database

Background There are substantial questions concerning the epidemiology and demographics of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). We queried a large electronic medical record database (TriNetX) to assess EGID demographics. Objectives Our objective for this study was to characterize the prevalence, demographic features, disease overlap, and treatment patterns of patients with EGID using a large multicenter electronic health record database. Methods TriNetX, a deidentified patient database derived from 92 healthcare organizations and a total population of 129,260,452 patients, was queried for EGID. Cases were identified using ICD codes (eosinophilic esophagitis [EoE] K20, eosinophilic gastritis/enteritis [EoG/EoN] K52.81, eosinophilic colitis [EoC] K52.82) and endoscopy occurrence. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results We identified 77,726 EoE, 6,554 EoG/EoN, and 2,898 EoC cases. Prevalence was approximately 1:1,673, 1:19,842, and 1:44,873, respectively. Multiple EGID occurred in 5% of all patients but in 47% of those with EoG/EoN. EGID was most common in non-Hispanic White individuals (79%). Male predominance was observed in EoE (59%) but not EoG/EoN (46%) or EoC (45%). Mean patient ages at query were 39, 31, and 40 years for EoE, EoG/EoN, and EoC, respectively (P<0.0001). The most prescribed medications were proton pump inhibitors for EoE, antiemetics and corticosteroids for EoG/EoN, and corticosteroids for EoC. Conclusions We identified the largest reported population of patients with EGID (77,726 cases); our findings substantiate their rarity (0.002%‒0.5% prevalence), male predominance limited to EoE, substantial cooccurrence of multiple EGID, and distinct age distribution of EoG/EoN. The identified cohort and approaches provide opportunities for further research.