Morphological observation of larval and pupal respiratory apparatus of Mansonia (Mansonioides) Uniformis (theobald) (diptera, culicidae) by scanning electron microscope.

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The respiratory organs of Mansonia uniformis larvae and pupae were minutely observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Crown-shaped, gill-like, thin filmy and sponge-like tissues were observed at the tip of the siphon of the 1st and 4th instar larva. Similarly, characteristic structure consisting of fine, slender loop (like capillary blood vessels) was observed at the tip of the pupal trumpet. The auther suggested that immatures of Mansonia take in water soluble oxygen with the respiratory “gills” which exist at the tip of the siphon of the larva and at the tip of the trumpet of the pupa.