Changes in Core Temperature During an Elite Female Rugby Sevens Tournament

PURPOSE: To characterize player core temperature (Tc) across a World Rugby Women's Sevens Series tournament day (WRWSS) and determine the efficacy of commonly employed cold-water-immersion (CWI) protocols. METHODS: Tc was measured in 12 elite female rugby sevens athletes across 3 games (G1-3) from day 1 of the Sydney WRWSS tournament. Symptoms of exertional heat illness, perceptual scales, CWI details, playing minutes, external-load data (measured by global positioning systems), and wet-bulb globe temperature (range 18.5°C-20.1°C) were also collected. Linear mixed models and magnitude-based inferences were used to assess differences in Tc between periods (G1-3 and warm-ups [WU]). RESULTS: Average Tc was "very likely" lower (effect size; ±90% confidence limit -0.33; ±0.18) in G1 than in G2. Peak Tc was "very likely" (0.71; ±0.28) associated with increased playing time. CWI did not remove the accumulated Tc due to WU and match-play activity (∼1°C-2°C rise in Tc still present compared with Tc at WU onset for players ≥6-min match play). CONCLUSIONS: Elite WRWSS athletes experienced high Tc during WU (Tc peak 37.9-39.0°C) and matches (Tc peak 37.9-39.8°C), a magnitude known to reduce intermittent high-intensity physical performance (≥39°C). The CWI protocol resulted in players (≥6-min match play) with ∼1°C to 2°C raised Tc compared with Tc at WU onset.