Sexual health laboratory testing considerations among transgender patients

Laboratory screening and diagnostic testing for sexual health is a key driver for management and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Selection and interpretation of appropriate assays for transgender patients requires an understanding of the analytical principle of the assay with consideration of the medical interventions being utilized for gender affirming therapy (e.g., surgical interventions or hormone replacement therapy). Current testing recommendations for cisgender individuals may not be appropriate for patients utilizing gender-affirming care as test interpretation may be impacted. This article provides a review of sexual health testing that may be required for transgender patients while highlighting utilization and interpretation challenges for commonly available assays.