A NEW LOW MASS FOR THE HERCULES dSph: THE END OF A COMMON MASS SCALE FOR THE DWARFS?

We present a new mass estimate for the Hercules dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, based on the revised velocity dispersion obtained by Adén et al. The removal of a significant foreground contamination using newly acquired Strömgren photometry has resulted in a reduced velocity dispersion. Using this new velocity dispersion of 3.72 ± 0.91 km s -1 , we find a mass of M 300 = 1.9 +1.1 −0.8 × 10 6 M ☉ within the central 300 pc, which is also the half-light radius, and a mass of M 433 = 3.7 +2.2 −1.6 × 10 6 M ☉ within the reach of our data to 433 pc, significantly lower than previous estimates. We derive an overall mass-to-light ratio of M 433 / L = 103 +83 −48 [ M ☉ / L ☉ ]. Our mass estimate calls into question recent claims of a common mass scale for dSph galaxies. Additionally, we find tentative evidence for a velocity gradient in our kinematic data of 16 ± 3 km s −1 kpc −1 , and evidence of an asymmetric extension in the light distribution at ∼0.5 kpc. We explore the possibility that these features are due to tidal interactions with the Milky Way. We show that there is a self-consistent model in which Hercules has an assumed tidal radius of r t = 485 pc, an orbital pericenter of r p = 18.5 ± 5 kpc, and a mass within r t of . Proper motions are required to test this model. Although we cannot exclude models in which Hercules contains no dark matter, we argue that Hercules is more likely to be a dark-matter-dominated system that is currently experiencing some tidal disturbance of its outer parts.