Ultrafast Ion Sieving from Honeycomb-like Polyamide Membranes Formed Using Porous Protein Assemblies

Despite the commercial success of thin film composite polyamide membranes, further improvements to the water permeation of polyamide membranes without degradation in product water quality remain a great challenge. Herein, we report the fabrication of an interfacially polymerized polyamide nanofiltration membrane with a novel 3D honeycomb-like spatial structure, which is formed from a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) porous protein nanosheet-coated microfiltration membrane support. TMV nanosheets with uniform pores and appropriate hydrophilicity deposited inside the support membrane pores facilitate the construction of a localized water–oil reaction interface with evenly distributed monomers and guide the formation of a defect-free polyamide layer with a spatial structure that copies the geometry of the membrane cavities. Such a 3D morphology possesses ultrahigh specific surface area, leading to unprecedented membrane water permeance as high as 84 L m –2 h –1 bar –1, high MgSO 4 rejection of 98%, and monovalent/divalent ion sieving selectivity up to 89.