In this research, the efficiency of the integrated fixed‐film activated sludge‐oxic settling anoxic (IFAS‐OSA) system in biological nutrient removal was studied. The oxic‐settling anoxic (OSA) process is known as a cost effective way to reduce the nutrients (nitrogen and Phosphorus). According to the results, the percentages of total nitrogen removal efficiency in the IFAS, IFAS‐OSA2h and IFAS‐OSA4h systems were 78.56 ± 2.46, 83.60 ± 0.92 and 85.03 ± 1.69, respectively, while the percentages of phosphorus removal efficiency in these systems were 32.69 ± 8.25, 36.35 ± 6.73 and 39.87 ± 3.61, respectively. The PCR‐RFLP method showed that C. albicans had the greatest prevalence (n = 36, 90%). Moreover, Vorticella convallaria was identified as the most abundant species of protozoa. The current research demonstrated that the efficiency of the modified IFAS‐OSA process was higher than that of IFAS in the removal of nutrients (TN and –P) and can be a suitable method for upgrading the wastewater treatment plants worldwide.
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Fazelipour et al. (2020) studied this question.
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