Current Practice Patterns for Oral Chemotherapy: Results of a National Survey

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe current nursing practices in the United States regarding care and safety of patients taking oral chemotherapy. DESIGN: This three-phase study consisted of development, validation, and implementation of a national online survey. SETTING: Survey of oncology nurses in outpatient settings. SAMPLE: 577 oncology nurses. METHODS: Surveys were emailed to 5,000 members of the Oncology Nursing Society. The survey included 17 forced-choice items and one free-text item. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were obtained. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Patient care practices, nursing resources, and barriers to medication adherence. FINDINGS: Fifty-one percent of the respondents worked in practices that had developed specific policies, procedures, and resources for patients on oral chemotherapy. Barriers to treatment adherence included cost (81%) and adverse effects (72%). Practices with specific policies differed in clinical and statistical significance from practices without policies on almost every survey item. Free-text responses revealed that many practices have erratic procedures and inadequate interdisciplinary communication. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic reliable policies and procedures for patient education, documentation, and interdisciplinary communication are urgently needed. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses should provide education and repeated teaching to improve patient safety, adherence to the medication, and self-monitoring for adverse effects.