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Charge gratings induced in LiNbO3:Fe single crystals in which photorefractive gratings had been formed by means of two-wave mixing of laser beams were directly observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gratings were found in both the surface defects and cleavage planes of the crystals and their wave vectors corresponded well with those of the interference fringes made by two laser beams. It was also suggested that the profiles of the gratings agree with the nonsinusoidal functions derived from theoretical calculations. Moreover, the formation mechanism of the charge gratings was discussed.
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Chiku et al. (1995) studied this question.
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