Evaluation of aqueous coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed extract asa natural anthelmintic against Haemonchus contortus in naturally infected goats

Gastrointestinal nematode infections, particularly those caused by Haemonchus contortus, remain a major constraint to goat production worldwide. The present study evaluated the dose-dependent anthelmintic efficacy of an aqueous seed extract of Coriandrum sativum in naturally infected goats and its effect on haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters of the host. Thirty naturally infected goats (18–30 months old) with faecal egg counts (EPG) exceeding 1000 were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 6). Group C served as the untreated negative control, Group PC received closantel (10 mg/kg body weight, orally) as the positive control, and Groups CS-50, CS-250, and CS-500 received aqueous C. sativum seed extract at doses of 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Blood and faecal samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatments. Highest faecal egg count reduction percentage was observed in the CS-500 group (40.38%) on day 28, whereas closantel achieved a complete faecal egg count reduction (100%). CS-500 also showed improvements in haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, serum total protein, and albumin levels compared with those in the untreated goats. Antioxidant markers, showed statistically significant increasing trend in the treated animals. The findings demonstrated a dose-dependent anthelmintic effect of aqueous C. sativum seed extract against naturally acquired H. contortus infection, with the 500 mg/kg dose producing the greatest response among the tested doses. Although its efficacy was lower than that of closantel, the extract showed no adverse effects and may serve as a promising complementary phytotherapeutic option for the integrated management of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats.