A three-year retrospective of the New Zealand mosquito census – a citizen science project

Since 2020, the New Zealand Mosquito Census has enhanced existing mosquito monitoring by collecting and analyzing specimens from Kiwi citizen scientists. Its goal is to improve understanding of the distribution and population dynamics of endemic and introduced mosquito species while raising awareness of mosquito biodiversity. With nearly 900 submissions between 2020 and 2022, representing 10 of the 16 known species, the project captured data across diverse biotypes, highlighting underrepresented regions. Submissions were concentrated during the summer months in cities like Auckland and Christchurch, with urban areas dominated by introduced species and rural areas showing a more balanced mix. The project successfully engaged participants through clear communication, user-friendly online tools, educational content, and regular feedback. Despite a decline in participation during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, targeted campaigns—such as media presence and callouts via social media—led to a threefold increase in rural submissions in 2022. A key finding was the detection of Aedes subalbirostris in central Canterbury, extending its known range by 150 km. However, limitations such as the need for physical specimen submission and permits for conservation area sampling introduced geographic biases. Despite these data limitations, the project provided valuable insights into species distribution and demonstrated the impact of citizen science.