Protection of Poultry From Heat Stress in Summer

In recent decades, climate change can be considered a global problem for society, both in the world and in Ukraine. Changes in the Earth's surface temperature and other climatic factors have occurred throughout the existence of the planet, but have been most rapid over the past 30 years. It is well established that air temperature is rising in all parts of the world. Anthropogenic warming has reached about 1 °C compared to pre-industrial levels, increasing by 0.2 °C per decade. Extreme temperature changes have caused devastating natural disasters. Climate change has led to losses and damage to people, ecosystems, food systems, infrastructure, energy and water availability, and has harmed public health and the economy. In Ukraine, the problem of rising seasonal temperatures has also become increasingly urgent in recent years. Heatwaves, when the outside temperature exceeds 30 °C in summer and reaches 40 °C in some regions, are becoming longer, which has a negative impact on the operations of poultry farms that keep poultry of different age groups, which are subject to heat stress. The purpose of the review was to analyse the mechanisms of heat stress on the poultry body and provide recommendations for reducing its negative impact. The main methods of combating stress in poultry include: cooling the poultry house through sprinklers, cooling water to 12-13 °C through a constant flow from wells, changing the feeding regime (early in the morning and in the late afternoon), moistening feed, prompt biocorrection of osmotic pressure in the protoplasm cells of the poultry body through feed and water, etc. However, the most powerful and cost-effective method of compensating for the negative effects of heat stress is the use of the effect of biocorrection of the body's metabolism with the help of special feed additives.