Approximately 9200 cancers of the urinary bladder are registered in England and Wales each year, of which 6500 in men (8% of all malignancies) and 2700 in women (3%) ( Office for National Statistics, 2003 ). Bladder cancer ranks as the fourth most common in men and ninth in women, and it causes approximately 4300 deaths (2800 in men) a year in England and Wales.
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Shah et al. (2008) studied this question.
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