Recent Advances in Plant Proteomics towards Stress Adaptation and Crop Improvement

Biotic and abiotic stress conditions affect plant growth negatively resulting to low yield in crop production.Plant cells use combination of proteins to adjust their metabolism, growth and physiology as a function of the changes in their developmental stages and response to the environmental stress conditions around them.In this article, we look into the current advances in plant proteomics with emphasis on some case studies pointing out the applications of proteomics techniques for more knowledge on various response-mechanisms of plants to biotic and abiotic stress conditions at protein level towards crop improvement.For a detailed study of the plant proteome, more than one technique is required, hence the development of advanced quantitative and comparative proteomics techniques to improve the study and analysis of total proteomes and sub-proteomes via mass spectrometry-based proteomics coupled with sub-cellular fractionation protocols and the use of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification method, which have unraveled new opportunities to explain various biological processes taking place in plant cells especially in investigating biotic and abiotic stress responses.