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Achievement of satisfying and meaningful leisure is a major developmental task for persons in the later years of the life cycle. Leisure counseling can help older people cope with changing 1ife circumstances and overcome psychological, physical and social barriers to leisure fulfillment. Multimodal leisure counseling is a comprehensive, yet manageable alternative to previous leisure counseling models. Based-on social learning theory and the premise that human functioning can be perceived and grouped into seven modes, the HELPING model provides a systematic framework for identifying problems, developing intervention strategies and monitoring progress in a variety of life areas necessary for leisure well-being.
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Munson et al. (1986) studied this question.