Salvage surgery with lymph node dissection is recommended for patients with T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) even after successful therapeutic endoscopy when histopathologic assessment of resected specimens reveals any risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM). Risk factors for LNM according to the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR)1 and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)2 include the histologic type of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma, positive lymphatic or venous invasion, and high-grade tumor budding.
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Ito et al. (2022) studied this question.
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