A study of clinico-endoscopic profile of patient presenting with dyspepsia

Introduction Dyspepsia is a common clinical symptom with prevalence of 5–20% of Outpatient (OPD) consultation at tertiary care hospital. The cause is not detectable in more than half of the patients. The common organic causes include peptic ulcer, esophagitis, and malignancy. Aim To study the clinical profile of patient presenting with dyspepsia in a tertiary care hospital of Assam, and correlate with endoscopic findings. Materials This is a hospital based observational study conducted over an year. Adult patient with dyspepsia was included after informed consent. Clinical data and endoscopic findings of patients with dyspepsia were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. Results 158 patients with dyspepsia were assessed by Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) Endoscopy. Mean age of patient was 40.04±14.3. 70.8% patients were males. 15.19% had history of smoking, 50.06% had history of tobacco consumption, 38.61% were alcoholic and history of NSAID consumption was seen in 9.49%. Alarm symptoms such as weight losss, anemia, UGI bleed were observed in 18.35% patients. Endoscopy revealed normal findings in 43.67% patients. Significant endoscopic findings were diagnosed in 56.32% patients. These included Peptic Ulcer in 25.95%, esophagitis in 4.43%, and UGI malignancy in 3.16%. Other significant lesions constituted less than 2%. Incidence of UGI malignancy was higher in patients more than 50 years. On comparing the endoscopic findings in patients of dyspepsia with alarm symptoms to those of dyspepsia without alarm symptoms, a statistical significance was observed with a p value of 0.013. Conclusion In patients with dyspepsia presence of alarm symptoms is more significantly associated with organic lesion on endoscopy. Though the incidence of malignancy was low, endoscopy in patients more than 50 years may help in early diagnosis and reduced morbidity of these patients.