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Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts with water-tolerant Lewis acids, such as Sc(OTf)3 and Nb2O5·nH2O, effectively promote the hydride transfer of pyruvic aldehyde into lactic acid in water at 383 K, whereas Brønsted acid catalysts cannot function as effective catalysts under mild conditions. NMR measurement in the presence of D2O suggests that the reaction on a Lewis acid catalyst proceeds via the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction.
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Koito et al. (2013) studied this question.
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