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The phenomenon of suppressed molecular ionization denotes a number of experimental observations in recent years, in which, in general, the ion yields of a molecule are found to be suppressed as compared to those of its companion atom. The latter are often estimated by the popular tunneling formula given by Ammosov, Delone and Krainov (or ADK). Results of S -matrix calculations, obtained for a series of molecules, ranging from diatomics to fullerenes, show that interference effects arising due to the multi-center nature of the molecule contribute to the observed suppression.
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Jaroń-Becker et al. (2009) studied this question.
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