Here, we show that commensal bacteria can stimulate intestinal epithelial cells to secrete insulin in response to glucose. Commensal strains were engineered to secrete the insulinotropic proteins GLP-1 and PDX-1. Epithelia stimulated by engineered strains and glucose secreted up to 1 ng ml(-1) of insulin with no significant background secretion.
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Duan et al. (2008) studied this question.
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