A charge-frustrated amphiphile composed of a pyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate head group and an eicosane side chain can be used as a fluorescence chemosensor for spermine. The sensor allows the detection of spermine down to the nanomolar concentration range with good selectivity over closely related biogenic amines such as spermidine.
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Köstereli et al. (2012) studied this question.
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