Why the study?
Current hypertension classifications based solely on systolic and diastolic blood pressure fail to capture biological heterogeneity linked to variation in mortality outcomes.
Do data-driven clinical phenotypes of primary hypertension predict mortality risk in adults with newly diagnosed or undiagnosed hypertension?
Population
4084 adults aged 30 years or older with newly diagnosed or undiagnosed hypertension from NHANES 1999-2020
Comparison
Four data-driven hypertension phenotypes: Early-onset, late-onset, glucose-related, and lipid-related hypertension
Design
Pooled analysis of 10 cross-sectional surveys with k-means clustering
Key result
The glucose-related hypertension phenotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to early-onset hypertension (HR 3.45; 95% CI 1.80-6.61).
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Glucose-related hypertension phenotype linked to highest mortality; hypothesis-generating for data-driven risk stratification pending prospective validation.
Cross-Sectional (n=4,084)
Yes
Do data-driven clinical phenotypes of primary hypertension predict mortality risk in adults with newly diagnosed or undiagnosed hypertension?
Hazard Ratio: 3.45 (95% CI 1.8–6.61)
A data-driven cluster analysis identified four distinct hypertension phenotypes, with glucose-related hypertension carrying the highest risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
A 2025 study conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=4,084). Glucose-related hypertension (GRH) phenotype vs. Early-onset hypertension (EOH) phenotype was evaluated on All-cause mortality (HR 3.45, 95% CI 1.80-6.61). The glucose-related hypertension phenotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to early-onset hypertension (HR 3.45; 95% CI 1.80-6.61).