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The field of the social studies has long suffered from conflicting definitions, an overlapping of functions, and a confusion of philosophies. These variations have resulted not so much from errors and mistakes as in diffusion and weakness. They have introduced uncertainties; they have perpetuated indecision; they have hindered unification; they have delayed progress. (Barr, Barth & Shermis, 1978, p. iv)
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Charles S. White (1982) studied this question.
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