Evaluation of hemotoxic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of phenol in Labeo rohita

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of phenol on the haematology, biochemical parameters, and histopathology of Labeo rohita in the laboratory conditions. Three groups were maintained as control, low dose (0.30 mg/L) and high dose (0.40 mg /L). The results after 28 days exposure to phenols showed changes in hematological parameters as RBCs, WBC, PLT, HGB, MCH, MCHC, RDW and PCT significant decrease and HCT, MCV, RDW-SD, MPV, and PDW significant decrease as compared with control group. Similarly, phenol exposure showed significant alterations in biochemical parameters as decrease the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, blood glucose, total protein, TSH, albumin and globulin while increase the level of ALT, AST, T3, T4, urea and creatinine. Histological observations showed the damage caused by phenol in kidney tissues was sinusoidal spaces, elongated tubules, cluster nuclei formation, damages parenchyma and melano-macrophages. Histology of liver showed pyknotic nuclei formation, eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vacuolation and necrosis. In gills, curved gills lamellae, oedema, lamellar aneurysm, lamellar disorganization, bone cell deformities and hyperplasia of epithelial cells were observed. Histology of muscles also showed pigmented cells around blood cells, necrosis, intermyofibrillar, oedema and atrophy in muscle tissues. The overall results showed that phenols are highly toxic to aquatic species.