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This study established the comprehensive repeating unit structure of immunologically active glucuronoxylomannan (AAPS) from wood ear mushroom, Auricularia auricula-judae. We identified Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as a critical receptor involved in AAPS-induced macrophage activation to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Molecular modeling data and chemical modifications of AAPS revealed that both carboxylic and acetyl moieties of AAPS are equally essential in TLR4 binding to exert in vitro immunostimulatory activity.
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Perera et al. (2018) studied this question.
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