Comparing analgesic effects of temporal interference stimulation on ventral posterolateral thalamus and high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation on sensorimotor cortex during sustained experimental pain

The quest for non-invasive, effective, and safe pain relief methods has driven extensive research. The sensorimotor cortex (SM1) is essential for pain localization, processing signals from the thalamus, particularly the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL), which is crucial for somatic pain perception [1]. While deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the VPL has shown significant long-term pain reduction [2], its invasive nature often deters patients. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) presents a promising non-invasive alternative.