ER–mitochondria contacts: Actin dynamics at the ER control mitochondrial fission via calcium release

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  Figure 1.. Schematic showing interactions between the ER and mitochondria in mitochondrial division. ER tubules are intimately associated with the mitochondria at contact sites. Calcium release from the ER induces INF2-mediated actin polymerization, leading to increased contact between the ER and mitochondria. Subsequently, mitochondrial calcium uptake by VDAC pores spikes, and calcium is transported into the matrix via the MCU. Finally, mitochondrial IM constriction is induced, followed by OM constriction. This complex model serves as a starting point for directed studies to dissect key events and components. IMS, intermembrane space.