Regnase-1 and Roquin regulate inflammatory mRNAs

Inflammation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Innate immune cells sense pathogen infection via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and rapidly induced production of cytokines. The expression of cytokine genes is tightly regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Whereas transcription is the first step in the regulation of gene expression, post-transcriptional regulation that modifies mRNA stability and translation provides rapid and flexible control of cytokine gene and protein expression. In particular, post-transcriptional regulation is involved in resolution of inflammation and prevention of unintended tissue damage caused by excess inflammation [1]. Post-transcriptional events occur in various intracellular organelles, because