Approaches to the identification, treatment and management of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common age-related skeletal disease associated with reduced bone density, impaired bone strength and increased fracture risk. Despite effective treatments being available, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, with many individuals only identified following a fragility fracture. Clinicians have an important proactive role in recognising risk factors, promoting fracture risk assessment, supporting medication concordance and delivering patient-centred education. This article explores the pathophysiology and management of osteoporosis, with particular focus on oral bisphosphonate therapy and factors influencing adherence. It also examines the challenges associated with polypharmacy, frailty and health literacy, highlighting how holistic interventions can support early identification, optimise treatment outcomes and reduce fracture burden.