Transient myeloproliferation mimicking JMML associated with parvovirus infection of infancy

We report a 2-month-old infant with Parvovirus B19 infection presenting as transient myeloproliferation resembling juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). Patient history, physical examination, and laboratory findings were suggestive of JMML. On viral serology, raised IgM and IgG titers for Parvovirus B19 infection were found in the absence of giant proerythroblasts and viral inclusions in the erythroid precursors. Follow-up showing a decrease in viral titers suggested parvovirus infection as an etiological factor for the development of myeloproliferative features. This case highlights the importance of viral serology in work-up myeloproliferative disorders of infancy and childhood.