In CaF2:Mn2+, Eu2+, the emission from Eu2+ decreases while the emission from Mn2+ increases in intensity as the x-ray duration time increases. The decrease of Eu2+ emission is due to the oxidation of Eu2+ to Eu3+ upon x-ray irradiation, while the increase of Mn2+ emission in intensity is likely due to the breakdown of the forbidden transition by the defects. This phenomenon has potential for dose-dependent radiation detection because utilizing the ratio of the two emissions from Mn2+ and Eu2+ for radiation dosimetry is more sensitive and more reliable than using emission intensity change only.
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Chen et al. (2007) studied this question.
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