Review on magnesium alloys as biodegradable implant materials

Biomaterials have been used for more than a century in the human body to improve body functions and replace damaged tissues. Some biomaterials remain as permanent fixtures, whereas others such as plates, screws and pins used to secure serious fractures are removed by a second surgical procedure after the tissue has healed sufficiently. However, repeat surgical procedures increase the cost of healthcare and the possibility of patient morbidity. The major advantage of dissolvable implants is that no surgery is required once implanted. This paper will be of interest to researchers engaged in the development of biodegradable alloys for cardiovascular and orthopaedic applications. The paper reviews the development of degradable magnesium (Mg) based implant materials and the effect of potential alloying elements on their mechanical and biocompatibility properties.