Prevalence of chronic conditions in masters games athletes: predictors and comparison to the general population

Background Masters athletes (MA) are typically considered healthier than age-matched non-athletes. However, limited evidence exists on the prevalence of chronic conditions in MA. Methods Masters athletes competing at the 2017 Australian Masters Games (n = 4,848) and 2018 Pan Pacific Masters Games (n = 14,455) were invited to complete a survey collecting demographic and health information focused on chronic conditions. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of selected chronic conditions in MA was compared with Australian general population data. Results Overall, 817 MA (53.7 ± 10.6 y, 61% female) completed the survey with 48% reporting ≥1 chronic condition. Cardiovascular conditions were less prevalent in MA vs. the general population (11%, 95% CI [9–14%] vs. 30%), as were cardiovascular risk factors, anxiety, asthma, cancers, and depression. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in MA was, however, similar (11%, 95% CI [9–14%] vs. 14%). Older (>50 yr) vs. younger MA were more likely to report osteoarthritis (OR 2.17, 95% CI [1.35–3.48]) and heart conditions (OR 1.85, 95% CI [1.11–3.07]), while younger vs. older MA were more likely to report mental health conditions (OR 1.86, 95% CI [1.23–2.82]). Prevalence of mental health conditions was higher in female vs. male MA (17% 95% CI [13–20%] vs. 8% 95% CI [5–11%]) and younger vs. older MA (18% vs. 10%). Employed MA were less likely than MA who were not employed to report having one or more cancers (OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.16–0.69]), cardiovascular conditions (OR 0.47, 95% CI [0.29–0.79]) and hypertension (OR 0.36 95% CI [0.18–0.73]). Conclusions Cardiovascular and other chronic conditions prevalence was lower in MA compared to age-matched non-athletes, highlighting the value of promoting sport involvement in aging individuals as well as for continuation of participation in younger age groups into MA level. Greater participation of younger and female groups in masters sport to improve mental health, and inclusion of people who are not employed should be supported.