A set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for multi-component dusty plasmas has been derived, by assuming that the characteristic wave frequency is much smaller than the ion gyrofrequency. The dusty plasma MHD equations admit a linear dispersion relation which exhibits a coupling between dust-Alfvén, dust-magnetosonic, and dust-whistler waves. The dust inertia is found to play a major role in the wave dynamics.
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Shukla et al. (1996) studied this question.
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