Degradation of Nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic Acid) and Related (Amino)Phosphonate Chelating Agents in the Presence of Manganese and Molecular Oxygen

Phosphonates are used in an increasing variety of industrial and household applications including cooling waters systems, oil production, textile industry, and detergents. Phosphonates are not biodegraded during wastewater treatment but instead are removed by adsorption onto sludge. This study investigates the degradation of phosphonates in the presence of Mn II and molecular oxygen. The half-life for the reaction of nitrilotris(methylene)phosphonic acid (NTMP) in the presence of equimolar Mn II and in equilibrium with 0.21 atm O 2 is 10 min at pH 6.5, with the reaction occurring more slowly under more alkaline or acidic pH values. The presence of other cations such as Ca II, Zn II, and Cu II can considerably slow the reaction by competing with Mn II for NTMP. Catalytic Mn II is regenerated in cyclic fashion as the reaction takes place. Although generation of a Mn III -containing intermediate appears likely, electron transfer within the ternary complex O 2 −Mn II −NTMP cannot be completely ruled out. Formate ion, orthophosphate ion, imino(dimethylene)phosphonic acid and N -formyl imino(dimethylene)phosphonic acid breakdown products have been identified. This work indicates that manganese-catalyzed thermal autoxidation of commercial (amino)phosphonate chelating agents is likely to be an important degradation mechanism in natural waters.