On‐Line Vehicle Routing Problems for Carbon Emissions Reduction

This paper proposes formulations and a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm to solve the on-line vehicle routing problem (VRP) for minimizing costs related to economics and emissions. The on-line VRP considers real-time demands. Vehicle emissions are affected by travel speed and vehicle load. A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm GA-Tabu is designed to solve the on-line VRP and a solution framework using DynaTAIWAN simulation is implemented. The numerical results show CO2 can be reduced by combining the emission factors into the objective function. Also, the route updates for on-line demands are analyzed and the performance measures of the on-line VRP are investigated by using various on-line demands.