The Hefei Advanced Light Facility, as a cutting-edge fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source in the low-energy region, is scheduled for completion in 2028. Among the 10 beamlines of Phase I, the high-flux tender X-ray in situ/operando X-ray spectroscopy (BL 08) has been conceived as a wide-energy-coverage spectroscopy beamline. This beamline covers an energy range of 0.7–10 keV and integrates multiple X-ray spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), and X-ray absorption/emission spectroscopy (XAS/XES). BL 08 is designed to advance experimental capabilities, including resolution in the spatial, temporal, and energy dimensions, as well as in situ/operando measurements under relevant operating conditions. It enables chemical- and electronic-state characterization of complex multiphase interfaces relevant to batteries, catalysis, environmental science, semiconductors, etc. BL 08 provides a powerful complement to established X-ray spectroscopic methods, meeting the growing demand for advanced characterization with expanded energy, temporal, and spatial domains.
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Xu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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