Dissemination of Strongyloides stercoralis as an immune restoration phenomenon in an HIV-1-infected man on antiretroviral therapy

We present a case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an HIV-infected man, resulting in Escherichia coli meningitis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Recent evidence from studies of strongyloides development supports the concept that strongyloides dissemination in this case is an example of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.