We review work on constrained systems in which (3+1)-dimensional field theories are reduced to effective (2+1)-dimensional ones. Known results are extended to encompass the Dirac equation and the nonrelativistic limit is examined. We discuss to what extent this system can really be made two dimensional and obtain a lower bound on the thickness. Some comments are made about recent theories involving fractional statistics.
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Burgess et al. (1993) studied this question.
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