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On 15 November 2012, the European Commission published a Communication entitled ‘Making the internal energy market work’. The document, complemented by voluminous staff working documents of a statistical nature, takes stock of the progress that has been made in market opening and the introduction of competition in the trade and supply of gas and electricity. But it also looks forward and identifies challenges that urgently need addressing if the goal of completing the Internal Energy Market by 2014, set by EU Heads of State and Government in 2011, is to be realized.
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Bart Castermans (2013) studied this question.
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