Omics in aquatic toxicology: Not just another microarray

The last 10 years have seen the introduction and widespread adoption of toxicogenomic techniques in the aquatic toxicology research community While initial research efforts primarily examined gene expression using gene macro-and microarrays, recent efforts now include other ''Omics'' approaches, and exciting discoveries have been made using both proteomics and metabolomics. In recent years, Omics-based technologiesthose disciplines focused on the large-scale study of genomes, proteomes, and metabolomes -have had an impressive impact in diverse fields, and have been responsible for a number of novel research discoveries in aquatic toxicology. International recognition of the power of these molecular approaches has prompted discussions about the incorporation of Omics-based endpoints in environmental monitoring programs and ecological modeling to predict population level effects