Ameliorative effects of high intensity interval training and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protect against tetracycline-induced fatty liver in rats: a gene expression profiling comparative study

Figures

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  Table 1. Sequences of oligonucleotides used as primers

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  Figure 1. A protocol schematic detailing the timeline of all gavage and training visits

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  Figure 2. Effects of HIIT on hepatic steatosis. Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E, magnification 20 um). LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 3. Liver tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (timp1) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 4. Liver tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 2 (mmp2) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 5. Liver tissue alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 6. Liver tissue monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp1) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 7. Liver tissue acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 8. Liver tissue Apolipoprotein C (apoc) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. Rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 9. Liver tissue lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) (a) and patatinlike phospholipase domain containing 3 (pnPla3), (b) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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  Figure 10. Liver transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (a) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), (b) mRNA expression in different groups of study. All values are the mean ± SD (n = 10 per group). Values with different superscripts are significantly different, p < 0.05. LGG: Probiotic L. Rhamnosus GG, HIIT: High intensity interval training, NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease