Wrist-wearable zeroth-order resonant antenna for wireless body area network applications

Proposed is a zeroth-order resonant antenna placed on a wrist for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is insensitive to human body effects and its curvature shape, owing to a bottom ground plate and zero phase constant features. The antenna's performance is simulated and measured through body equivalent liquid and the human body. The radiation patterns and reflection coefficient are constant when the antenna is placed on the body equivalent liquid and the wrist.