Several nontarget species of noctuids were captured in pheromone traps used to monitor corn ear worm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith); and army worm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) for sweet corn integrated pest management in Massachusetts. Captures of two Leucania species, in particular, have increased monitoring time, possibly distorted target catches, and complicated the transfer of monitoring activities to growers.
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Weber et al. (1991) studied this question.