Magnetorotational Supernova Neutrino Spectra Versus Mass Ordering

Abstract—Magnetic and oscillation effects in the dynamics of neutrinos emitted from a protoneutron star during a supernova explosion are considered. Nuclear scattering due to the neutral Gamow–Teller current interaction in the vicinity of the neutrino sphere is shown to result in the acceleration of neutrinos, especially, for heavy lepton components. The hardness of the electron antineutrino spectrum increases significantly due to oscillations in the outer layers of stars. Such an enhancement of the high-energy spectrum component is particularly pronounced for the inverted mass ordering and is favorable for ground-based detection of supernova neutrinos. The possibilities of Cherenkov underwater detectors—KM3NeT and Baikal-GVD—for the observation of supernova neutrinos and revealing the mass ordering are discussed.