Essential oils of Phlomis species growing in Greece: chemical composition and antimicrobial activity

The essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Phlomis fruticosa, P. cretica and P. samia, growing in Greece, were analysed by GC and GC–MS. From the 72 identified constituents, representing 84.3%, 90.4% and 67.4% of the oils, respectively, α‐pinene, limonene, β‐caryophyllene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene, germacrene D, (Z)‐γ‐bisabolene and cis‐β‐ocimene were the major components. Furthermore, all the oils exhibited an interesting antimicrobial profile after they were tested against two Gram‐positive and four Gram‐negative bacteria and three pathogenic fungi.