The two renal cell lines, MDCK (distal tubule) and LLC-PK 1 (proximal tubule), have been used for toxicity testing of three different X-ray contrast media: the ionic monomer Isopaque, the ionic dimer Hexabrix and the non-ionic monomer Omnipaque. The cells were grown to confluency in monolayer cultures in a chemically-defined serum-free medium before the contrast media were added, to give final concentrations corresponding to 0–100mg iodine/ml. Toxicity was assessed by cell viability and by biochemical assays of marker enzymes. The results demonstrate a concentration-dependent toxic effect from the contrast media on cellular appearance, and on the activity of brush border and lysosomal enzymes. The non-ionic X-ray contrast media appeared to be less toxic than the ionic contrast media investigated.
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Andersen et al. (1992) studied this question.
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