Metabolic syndrome: A Review Involving the Hedgehog Pathway, PGC-1α , and GLP Roles

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a kind of metabolic disorder, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, etc. The prevalence of MetS is increasing substantially, making it a major public health issue in many nations. The morphogen Hedgehog (HH) signaling system plays a crucial role in controlling many aspects of embryonic development. The potential for pharmaceutical manipulation of the Hh pathway to improve outcomes in metabolic disorders has been demonstrated by researchers. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) has a strong correlation with the development of MetS and its principal sequelae, including obesity, cardiovascular illness, and hepatic steatosis. Glucagon-like protein 1 (GLP-1) is an antiobesogenic hormone that promotes glucose-induced beta-cell insulin secretion and suppresses alpha-cell glucagon synthesis. As these signaling and related regulatory modalities for regulating metabolism become more complex, this work aims to give a comprehensive understanding of the key signaling events involved. Furthermore, it explores the potential methods required to treat metabolic illnesses effectively.